e-ISSN: 1309-1719
ISSN: 1309-1786
Period: 2 Issues Annually
Start: 2010
Publisher: Bursa İlahiyat Vakfı

Contemplation in Two Muslim Countries: A Comparative Qualitative Study in Türkiye and Bosnia-Herzegovina

Contemplation in Two Muslim Countries: A Comparative Qualitative Study in Türkiye and Bosnia-Herzegovina

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Esra İrk
Pamukkale University, Denizli-Türkiye

Ümran Erkorkmaz Çoban
Ministry of National Education Afyonkarahisar-Türkiye

Elif Çağlayan
Bursa-Türkiye

Armin Jasarevic
Elci Ibrahim Pasina Medresa, Travnik, Bosnia-Herzegovina

DOI:

10.12730/is.1750805
How to Cite
İrk, Esra, Ümran Erkorkmaz Çoban, Elif Çağlayan, and Armin Jasarevic. 2026. “Contemplation in Two Muslim Countries: A Comparative Qualitative Study in Türkiye and Bosnia-Herzegovina”. Ilahiyat Studies 17 (1):125-64. https://doi.org/10.12730/is.1750805.

Abstract

This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the perceptions of contemplation among Muslim participants in Türkiye and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this study, which employed a basic qualitative research design, the semi-structured interview technique was used. The obtained data were analyzed through content analysis using the NVivo 15 software. The study included a total of 26 participants –15 women and 11 men– aged between 25 and 40 years, living in Türkiye and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The participants were selected using the criterion sampling technique, one of the purposeful sampling methods. The findings indicate that in both countries, contemplation (tafakkur) is perceived not only as a mental activity but also as a multilayered process encompassing existential and religious dimensions. While Turkish participants predominantly associated contemplation with positive emotions, those from Bosnia and Herzegovina reported experiencing both positive and negative emotions simultaneously during the process. It was determined that in both cultures, contemplation increased individual awareness, strengthened psychological resilience, and contributed to meaning-making processes. Furthermore, it was understood that this thinking practice supports spiritual well-being and is viewed as an important part of religious life. The research findings reveal that despite cultural differences, contemplation essentially has a constructive and transformative function.

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